Addax - Wikipedia. For the GP2 Series racing team, see Addax Team. Addax. Addax in Morocco. Scientific classification. Kingdom: Animalia. Phylum: Chordata. Class: Mammalia. Order: Artiodactyla. Family: Bovidae. Subfamily: Hippotraginae. Genus: Addax. Laurillard, 1. Species: A. Gray, 1. The addax (Addax nasomaculatus), also known as the white antelope and the screwhorn antelope, is an antelope of the genus Addax, that lives in the Sahara desert. ![]() Check out the most popular news stories, headlines, pictures or videos from Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday. A duiker / Port Manteaux churns out silly new words when you feed it an idea or two. Enter a word (or two) above and you'll get back a bunch of portmanteaux created by jamming. ![]() Aku bangun lepas tu aku bersiap nak gi UNDI.![]() ![]() The addax (Addax nasomaculatus), also known as the white antelope and the screwhorn antelope, is an antelope of the genus Addax, that lives in the Sahara desert. It was first described by Henri de Blainville in 1. As suggested by its alternative name, this pale antelope has long, twisted horns - typically 5. Males stand from 1. They are sexually dimorphic, as the females are smaller than males. The colour of the coat depends on the season - in the winter, it is greyish- brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders; in the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde. The addax mainly eats grasses and leaves of any available shrubs, leguminous herbs and bushes. These animals are well- adapted to exist in their desert habitat, as they can live without water for long periods of time. Addax form herds of five to 2. They are led by the oldest female. Due to its slow movements, the antelope is an easy target for its predators: lions, humans, African hunting dogs, cheetahs and leopards. ![]() Breeding season is at its peak during winter and early spring. The natural habitat of the addax are arid regions, semideserts and sandy and stony deserts. The addax is a critically endangered species of antelope, as classified by the IUCN. Although extremely rare in its native habitat due to unregulated hunting, it is quite common in captivity. The addax was once abundant in North Africa, native to Chad, Mauritania and Niger. It is extinct in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan and Western Sahara. It has been reintroduced in Morocco and Tunisia. Taxonomy and naming. This antelope was first described by French zoologist and anatomist Henri Blainville in 1. It is placed in the monotypic genus Addax and family Bovidae. English naturalist Richard Lydekker stated their type locality to be probably Senegambia, though he did not have anything to support the claim. Finally, from a discussion in 1. British hunters or collectors obtained the addax from the part of Sahara in Tunisia. The name was first used in 1. Bedouins use another name for the addax, the Arabic bakr (or bagr) al wahsh, which literally means the cow of the wild. The name can be used to refer to other ungulates, as well. All chromosomes are acrocentric except for the first pair of autosomes, which are submetacentric. The X chromosome is the largest of the acrocentric chromosomes, and the Y chromosome is medium- sized. The short and long arms of the pair of submetacentric autosomes correspond respectively to the 2. In a study, the banding patterns of chromosomes in addax were found to be similar to those in four other species of the subfamily Hippotraginae. Pictures in a tomb, dating back to the 2. BCE show at least the partial domestication of the addax by the ancient Egyptians. These pictures show addax and some other antelopes tied with ropes to stakes. The number of addax captured by a person were considered an indicator of his high social and economic position in the society. Apart from these, fossils have also been excavated from Mittleres Wadi Howar (6. BCE fossil), and Pleistocene fossils from Grotte Neandertaliens, Jebel Irhoud and Parc d'Hydra. Male addax stand from 1. They are sexually dimorphic, as the females are smaller than males. The weight of males varies from 1. In the winter, it is greyish- brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders. In the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde. They have scraggly beards and prominent red nostrils. Long, black hairs stick out between their curved and spiralling horns, ending in a short mane on the neck. The hooves are broad with flat soles and strong dewclaws to help them walk on soft sand. While the addax is spiral- horned, the scimitar oryx has straight, 1. The addax has a brown hair tuft extending from the base of its horns to between its eyes. A white patch, continuing from the brown hair, extends till the middle of the cheek. On the other hand, the scimitar oryx has a white forehead with only a notable brown marking a brown lateral stripe across its eyes. In the day, they dig into the sand in shady locations and rest in these depressions, which also protect them from sandstorms. They will generally stay in one place and only wander widely in search of food. The addax have a strong social structure, probably based on age, and herds are led by the oldest female. They are able to track rainfall and will head for these areas where vegetation is more plentiful. Males are territorial, and guard females. Caracals, hyenas and servals attack calves. The addax are normally not aggressive, though individuals may charge if they are disturbed. They can survive without free water almost indefinitely, because they get moisture from their food and dew that condenses on plants. They also produce highly concentrated urine to conserve water. In the day the addax huddle together in shaded areas, and in cool nights rest in sand hollows. These practices help in dissipation of body heat and saving water by cooling the body through evaporation. It was found that food retention time was long, taken as an adaptation to a diet including a high proportion of slow fermenting grasses; while the long fluid retention time could be interpreted to be due to water- saving mechanisms with low water turnover and a roomy rumen. Primarily grazers, their staple foods include Aristida, Panicum, and Stipagrostis, and they will only consume browse, such as leaves of Acacia trees in the absence of these grasses. The addax eat only certain parts of the plant and tend to crop the Aristida grasses neatly to the same height. By contrast, when feeding on Panicum grass, the drier outer leaves are left alone while they eat the tender, inner shoots and seeds. These seeds are important part of the addax diet, being their main source of protein. Breeding occurs throughout the year, but it peaks during winter and early spring. In the northern Sahara, breeding peaks at the end of winter and beginning of spring; in the southern Sahara, breeding peaks from September to October and from January to mid- April. Each estrus bout lasts for one or two days. Estrous cycle duration was of about 3. During pregnancy, ultrasonography showed the uterine horns as coiled. The maximum diameters of the ovarian follicle and the corpus luteum were 1. Each female underwent an anovulatory period lasting 3. Anovulation was rare in winter, which suggested the effect of seasons on the estrous cycle. Females may lie or stand during the delivery, during which one calf is born. A postpartum estrus occurs after two or three days. However, there are reports of sightings from the eastern Air Mountains (Niger) and Bod. Rare nomads may be seen in north Niger, southern Algeria and Libya; and the antelope is rumoured to be present along the Mali/Mauritania border, though there are no confirmed sightings. It is extinct in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan and western Sahara. It has been reintroduced in Morocco and Tunisia. Roadkill, firearms for easy hunting and nomadic settlements near waterholes (their dry- season feeding places) have also decreased numbers. Other threats include chronic droughts in the deserts, habitat destruction due to more human settlements and agriculture. Less than 5. 00 individuals are thought to exist in the wild today, most of the animals being found between the Termit area of Niger, the Bod. There are 1. 00. 0 more in private collections and ranches in United States and the Middle East. Addax is legally protected in Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria; hunting of all gazelles is forbidden in Libya and Egypt. Although enormous reserves, such as the Hoggar Mountains and Tasilli in Algeria, the T. The addax has been reintroduced in Bou- Hedma National Park (Tunisia) and Souss- Massa National Park (Morocco). Reintroductions in the wild are ongoing in Jebil National Park (Tunisia) and Grand Erg Oriental (Sahara), and another is planned in Morocco. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2. 00. 8. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as critically endangered and the criteria used.^ abcd. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 8. OCLC 6. 22. 65. 49. Mammalian Species: Number 8. Ultimate Ungulate. Archived from the original on 1. April 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 1. January 2. 01. 3. Merriam- Webster. Retrieved 1. 3 January 2. International Wildlife Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. PMID 8. 93. 13. 55. Israel Journal of Zoology. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Animal Diversity Web. The Funk & Wagnalls Wildlife Encyclopedia. New York, N. Y.: Funk and Wagnalls. OCLC 2. 03. 16. 93. Exotic Animal Field Guide : Nonnative Hoofed Mammals in the United States (1st ed.). College Station: Texas A& M University Press. ISBN 1- 5. 85. 44- 5. X. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums. Journal of wildlife diseases. PMID 8. 35. 53. 63. International Zoo Yearbook. Journal of Mammalogy. JSTOR 1. 38. 13. 91. J.; Clauss, M. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. Journal of reproduction and fertility. PMID 8. 69. 94. 24. International Zoo Yearbook. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Sahara Conservation Fund. Retrieved 1. 4 January 2.
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